VPT Reports


VPT homepage                                           
VPT test documents                                                 
General EE and VPT upblications

2008-2010- LED and stability talks link

2009
The variation in response of the CMS ECAL vacuum phototriodes as a function of orientation
in a strong magnetic field, CMS Note 2009/xxx RM Brown,
1.8  draft
VPT angles in CMS, B Kennedy 20.2  comments  data
B-field data in CMS, M Mulders 16.2  email  email2   Bz  Br  tanB   minus-data    plus-data

2008
Burn-in xls data on RIE 57 and RIE72, with double exponential fit, RM Brown 13.12 xls
Ageing of Vacuum Phototriodes under intense illumination, Bell-Brown-Sproston 11.12 doc
Vacuum Photodetectors, past and present, report to FNAL SLHC workshop, RM Brown 19.11 link
Thesis,
I Yaselli, "Studying the Time Response of a Vacuum Phototriode and Measurement of Gamma Radiation
Damage to High Voltage Capacitors and Resistors" 1.10 pdf

Comments on excess noise factor and rms width variation versus angle, RM Brown 2.7  htm  doc1  doc2
VPTs: description in "The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC", p98 section 4.3.2  14.8  pdf
Possible VPT photodetector R&D for SLHC, RM Brown 2.7 pdf
VPT response as a function of angle, RM Brown 19.6 pdf

Avalanche Photodiodes and Vacuum Phototriodes for the Electromagnetic Calorimeter of the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, Peter R Hobson, 15.9 Version4
EE at SLHC, RM Brown 15.4 ppt
VPT faceplates at SLHC, RM Brown 15.4 ppt
A
nomalous behaviour of VPTs
Addendum: behaviour of two VPTs at 4T, B W Kennedy (from 20 September 2002) pdf
First angle for discharges on a symmetric scan, K Bell 28.2 pdf  htm

2007
Run 29810 at RAL, study of VPT noise, B Kennedy  23.11  doc  htm
VPT (in)stability impplications for H4, R Yohay, DPG 12.8 ppt
VPT temp studies in OPAL and report by OPAL VPT manufacturer Brive, B Brown et al txt doc Brive

A measurement of the Temperature Stability of Vacuum Phototriodes for the CMS ECAL, UVa, D Phillips et al pdf

2006
Simulation of a vacuum phototriode with SIMION 3D, P Hobson, I Yasellia, 1.11 pp. 226-229. Proc. of the 4th International Conference on New Developments in Photodetection - BEAUNE 2005, New Developments in Photodetection link
Evaluating the gamma and neutron radiation tolerance of  Vacuum PhotoTriodes
for the Endcap Calorimeter of the Compact Muon Solenoid, P Hobson, D Cussans et al.
3.11 doc
Estimates of currents drawn by VPTs per quadrant, D Cockerill 13.10 xls
Views inside a cut VPT, D Cockerill 1.9
DSCN1010.JPG (808154 bytes) DSCN1011.JPG (797865 bytes) DSCN1012.JPG (788298 bytes) DSCN1013.JPG (795396 bytes) DSCN1011-cropped.JPG (129627 bytes)
Off axis VPTs, D Cockerill 28.7
Offset = 2            Offset = 0            Offset = 0           Offset = 0        Offset = 2            Offset = 2
DSCN0866.JPG (689566 bytes) DSCN0867.JPG (715238 bytes) DSCN0868.JPG (712974 bytes) DSCN0869.JPG (718533 bytes) DSCN0870.JPG (700516 bytes) DSCN0871.JPG (714745 bytes)

Installing VPTs into test rig at RAL, P Flower, M Sproston 13.7 doc
Faceplate results, D Seliverstov 13.6 txt 29992 30300 30342 30608
Poster on the "Simulation of the Time Response of a VPT", I Yaselli 8.5 ppt png

2005
Updated file of VPT measurements at CERN, distribution plots of ILED , A Uzunian, 11.11
                jul-oct.xls jul-nov.xls all2005
                box1 box2 box3 box4 box5 box6 box7 box8 box9 box10 box11 box12 box13
                box14 box15 box16 box17 box18 box19
Measurement of first 500 VPTs sent to CERN, boxes 1-10, V Postoev/S Grischin 18.7  xls Bad VPTs

Draft document for Rev Sci Instr, 7.06 doc

CMS VPT News article for the CERN courier, B Kennedy  9.5 doc photo1 photo2 photo3
Joolz02.jpg (493560 bytes) martin02.jpg (1372989 bytes) VPT_RIE_front.jpg (256361 bytes)
Spatial Efficiency of the CMS Vacuum Phototriodes, N Godinovic et al., CMS IN 2005/009 March 05 pdf doc ps.gz
VPT status report, CMS week, B Brown 15.3  ppt

2004
Super Radiation Hard Vacuum Phototriodes for the CMS Endcap ECAL,
Proceedings of Vienna-2004 conference, Seliverstov, Gusev et al, NIM A535, issues 1-2, 511-516  pdf  doc

VPT QE spatial uniformity with red light, N Godinovic  23.12 doc
Vacuum phototriodes for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter endcap, KW Bell et al., IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci.51:2284-2287, Vol 51, No 5, Oct 2004 pdf  ppt
LED light injection system for CMS ECAL Endcap, J Williams  16.9 txt pdf
The Performance of Prototype Vacuum Phototriodes in the First Full Sized Supercrystal Array
for the CMS ECAL Endcaps, M Apollonio et al., NIM 532 (2004) 566-574 pdf 

2003
Spatial efficiency of the CMS Vacuum Phototriodes, N Godinovic et al, 3.10 doc
Vacuum Phototriodes for the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter Endcaps, B Kennedy, IEEE 3.10  ppt
Radiation hardness, excess noise factor and short-term gain instability of vacuum phototriodes
for the operation in pseudorapidity range 1.5<η<3.0 at CMS ECAL
, Y Blinnikov et al., NIM A504, May 2003, 228-231 pdf

2002
VPT performance, DPG meeting, CMS week, R M Brown  4.12  ppt
Anomalous behaviour of VPTs, B Kennedy 20.9  pdf  txt

Summary, 100 RIE pre-production VPTs, F values, MELZ prototypes, D Imrie 25.7  rtf
The response to high magnetic fields of the Vacuum Phototriodes for the Compact Muon
Solenoid endcap electromagnetic calorimeter, Beaune Conf., June 2002, P Hobson et al, NIM A504:255-257,2003 pdf  ppt
Calibration of the RAL VPT test rig, draft in preparation, D Cockerill 23.5  pdf
Faceplate irradiation data for RIE production VPT devices, P Hobson 19.4  doc
Behaviour of production VPTs for the CMS Endcap Electromagnetic Calorimeter, B Kennedy 19.4  pdf  doc
Development of an automated quality control system for 16,000 Vacuum Phototriodes,
destined for the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter, Institute of Physics (IOP) UK, J Williams 9.4  ppt  rtf

Mesh 1500 lines per inch photo from Electron Tubes VPT txt tif

2001
ECAL Annual Review, SC Test bench Photo 19.9  ppt
VPT report for the ECAL Annual Review, RM Brown 19.9   ppt
The Development of Vacuum Phototriodes for the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter, 
K Bell et al., NIM A469 (2001) 29-46
The Vacuum Phototriodes for the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter, EPS Conf, Budapest,
Bob Brown, July 2001    pdf  ppt, written proceedings pdf
VPT scan results from Split University, July  vpt 137  jpg      vpt 354  jpg
F Measurements at 0T on RIE Preproduction VPTs, D Imrie  20.6  rtf
Quantifying the RAL VPT test rig – some initial observations, D Cockerill 18.5  doc  
RIE irradiated tube data, P Hobson 2.5  xls txt

Behaviour of pre-production VPTs for the CMS endcap electromagnetic calorimeter,  B Kennedy 20.4 pdf
RIE pre-production VPT Brunel tests, P Hobson  6.2  ppt     

2000
The Performance of Prototype Vacuum Phototriodes in the First Full Sized Supercrystal Array
for the ECAL Endcaps, B Camanzi et al, CMS NOTE 2000/054
Gamma radiation tolerance of vacuum phototriodes for Particle Physics applications,
                  Camanzi B, Hobson PR, Imrie DC, Ionescu S, Les journees Techniques du RADECS 2000, 
                  11-13.9  Resume, pp 87-90, Title ppt, text ppt, figure jpeg

A Stabilised Blue-Violet LED for VPT Photocathode Evaluation, P Hobson et al, CMS NOTE-2000/023
Tests on 1999 Vacuum Phototriodes for the CMS Ecal Endcaps, B Camanzi et al, CMS NOTE-2000/010
VPT's with 'Anomalous' Gain, Brekhovxkikh et al, CMS IN-2000/008
The Development of Vacuum Phototriodes for the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter, RMBrown et al., doc
Comparison of Photonis P066 and Hamamatsu XA1163 VPTs, D Imrie       rtf
Measurements on Hyperbright Blue LEDs, D Imrie   rtf
Temperature Dependence of Hyperbright Blue LEDs,  D Imrie    rtf
Long-Term Behaviour of Three Prototype Vacuum VPTs operated with High Photocurrents, D Imrie rtf  orig-figures   scanned-complete-pdf   scanned-plots-pdf
Fine-mesh photodetectors for CMS endcap electromagnetic calorimeter, Bajanov et al., NIM A442, 146-149, March 2000  pdf
Lifetime test, Hamamatsu VPT with Getter, Pk=200nA, for 17 days, RM Brown 7.3 doc 
Write up of Labview programme for the RAL VPT test rig, C Pattison 16.2  doc
The selection of an adhesive for bonding the VPTs to the  PbWO4 crystals in the end cap electromagnetic calorimeters, PS Flower 1.2  ppt

1999
Data/discussion of Helium ingress, RM BRown, P Flower  9.11  doc
Photonis ageing tests, tube SN41, author?? 9.11??   pdf
Burn-in plot of RIE50, RM Brown 28.10 xls

Gain measurements on VPTs, D Imrie doc(1 MB) pdf(5 MB)
An estimate of the standing photocurrents in CMS Endcap VPTs, D Imrie 9.8  rtf
Getting the stochastic term expected with VPTs, D Cockerill  6.8  pdf
'Ageing of Vacuum Phototriodes under intense illumination',
(demonstrating that ageing at Zero field *adds* to ageing at 1.8T), K Bell et al 1.8 doc
Photocathode resistance, D Imrie  19.7  rtf
Performance of some Prototype VPTs in Axial and Quasi-Axial Magnetic Fields up to 4.7T, D Imrie 20.4 ps, xls

1998
The Operation of Vacuum Phototriodes in a Non-Axial Magnetic Field, a Monte-Carlo Study, E Bateman  21.12 CMS NOTE-1999/032
Behaviour of VPTs at Low Bias Voltages, D Imrie  16.12  pdf
Fine Mesh Photodetectors for CMS Endcap Electromagnetic Calorimeter, Bajanov et al, 9.12  CMS NOTE-1998/080
The Operation of Vacuum Phototriodes in an Axial Magnetic Field - a Monte Carlo Study, E Bateman 11.8  CMS NOTE-1998/059
VPT Faceplates of UV-Transmitting Glass, D Imrie 3.10  doc
VPT Parameters and their Impact on EE Performance, D Imrie 12.10  rtf   ps
First draft,
VPT Parameters and their Impact on EE Performance, D Imrie 21.9  rtf
Measurement of F (as at Brunel in 1997/8), D Cockerill  28.5  doc
Schott Radiation-Hard Glasses for VPT Faceplates, D Imrie 23.2  rtf

1997
Performance tests of Russian mesh dynode photomultiplier tubes, NIM A400, 149-155 S. Ahmad et al., 21.11   pdf
Performance and testing of Russian mesh photomultiplier tubes for high magnetic field environments, S. Ahmad et al.,
NIM A387, 43-44, 1.3   pdf